BEIJING/SINGAPORE, April 27 (Reuters) – China ordered U.S. tech giant Meta to unwind its $2 billion-plus acquisition of artificial intelligence startup Manus on Monday, as Beijing tightens scrutiny of U.S. investment in domestic startups in frontier technologies.
The National Development and Reform Commission’s move highlights China’s commitment to stopping U.S. firms acquiring AI talent and intellectual property, as Washington tries to cut off Chinese tech firms’ access to advanced U.S. chips.
The NDRC’s office for reviewing the security of foreign investments said it would “prohibit foreign investment in Manus in accordance with laws and regulations, and requires the parties involved to withdraw the acquisition transaction”.
It did not name Meta or other overseas investors in Manus.
The sudden move comes weeks before a planned mid-May summit between U.S. President Donald Trump and his Chinese counterpart Xi Jinping in Beijing. China’s commerce ministry had announced an investigation into the sale in January, days after California-based Meta completed its December acquisition of the startup.
Manus investors exited the company after Facebook-owner Meta’s takeover, three sources familiar with the matter said. China rarely orders corporate deals to be unwound after completion, in a sign of heightened regulatory scrutiny amid U.S.-China tech competition.
Manus’ two co-founders, CEO Xiao Hong and chief scientist Ji Yichao, were summoned to Beijing for talks with regulators in March and subsequently barred from leaving the country, five sources familiar with the matter said. Xiao and Ji did not respond to Reuters’ requests for comment.
After receiving a $75 million fundraising round led by U.S. venture firm Benchmark in May 2025, Manus shut down its China offices in July, laying off dozens of employees.
It then moved its operations to Singapore without seeking Chinese regulators’ approval, people familiar with the matter said.
This allowed Manus’ parent company, Butterfly Effect, to re-incorporate in Singapore and bypass U.S. investment restrictions on Chinese AI firms, as well as Chinese regulatory constraints on domestic AI firms transferring their IP and capital overseas.
Manus staff have already moved into Meta’s Singapore offices, with projects going ahead despite the exit bans on the two executives, two sources familiar with the matter said.
China’s request to unwind the Manus deal is the latest high-profile case of it blocking a cross-border transaction.
Last year, China criticised Li Ka-shing’s CK Hutchison for agreeing a $23 billion sale of dozens of ports worldwide to a consortium led by U.S. asset manager BlackRock. The deal was welcomed by U.S. President Donald Trump.
WARNING CASE
The NDRC move is a stark warning to other Chinese startups – particularly in sensitive, strategic sectors like tech – that wish to move their operations to Singapore to access foreign capital, a practice known as “Singapore washing”.
“I would not say this ends Chinese companies moving to Singapore. Rather, it raises the compliance threshold,” Ben Chester Cheong, a lecturer at the Singapore University of Social Sciences, said.
“Companies may need to show a genuine operational shift: where management sits, where IP is owned, where R&D is conducted, where data is stored, and whether Chinese regulatory approvals are needed.”
Meta acquired Manus to boost its capabilities in AI agents, tools that can execute more complex tasks than chatbots with minimal human intervention.
Manus was hailed early last year by state media and commentators as China’s next DeepSeek after releasing what it said was the world’s first general AI agent. Manus does not produce its own AI model, but an agent framework that operates on top of existing Western large-language models.
Alfredo Montufar-Helu, a managing director at Ankura China Advisors, said AI has become central to strategic competition between the world’s two largest economies, with controls that were once focused on semiconductors now extending into AI.
“China is saying we will prevent foreign acquisition of assets we consider important for national security — and AI is now clearly one of them,” he said, adding that it also signals to firms that relocating overseas will not prevent scrutiny.
(Reporting by Eduardo Baptista and Laurie Chen in Beijing, Kane Wu in Hong Kong, Fanny Potkin and Jun Yuan Yong in Singapore; Editing by David Goodman and Alexander Smith)
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